Types of flame
Different flames can be achieved using different mixtures of gases, depending on the desired temperature and burning velocity. Some elements can only be converted to atoms at high temperatures. Even at high temperatures, if excess oxygen is present, some metals form oxides that do not redissociate into atoms. To inhibit their formation, conditions of the flame may be modified to achieve a reducing, nonoxidizing flame. Table 1 shows the characteristics of various flames.
Characteristics of different flames Source Reynolds et al., 1970.
----------------------------Max. flame speed (cm/s) ---------------Max. temp. (oC)
Air-Coal gas -----------------55------------------------------------1840
Air-propane -----------------82------------------------------------1925
Air-hydrogen----------------320-----------------------------------2050
Air-50% oxygen-acetylene---160-----------------------------------2300
Oxygen-nitrogen-acetylene--640-----------------------------------2815
Oxygen-acetylene------------1130----------------------------------3060
Oxygen-cyanogen------------140-----------------------------------4640
Nitrous oxide-acetylene------180-----------------------------------2955
Nitric oxide-acetylene---------90-----------------------------------3095
Nitrogen dioxyde-hydrogen---150----------------------------------2660
Nitrous oxide-hydrogen-------390----------------------------------2650
Different flames can be achieved using different mixtures of gases, depending on the desired temperature and burning velocity. Some elements can only be converted to atoms at high temperatures. Even at high temperatures, if excess oxygen is present, some metals form oxides that do not redissociate into atoms. To inhibit their formation, conditions of the flame may be modified to achieve a reducing, nonoxidizing flame. Table 1 shows the characteristics of various flames.
Characteristics of different flames Source Reynolds et al., 1970.
----------------------------Max. flame speed (cm/s) ---------------Max. temp. (oC)
Air-Coal gas -----------------55------------------------------------1840
Air-propane -----------------82------------------------------------1925
Air-hydrogen----------------320-----------------------------------2050
Air-50% oxygen-acetylene---160-----------------------------------2300
Oxygen-nitrogen-acetylene--640-----------------------------------2815
Oxygen-acetylene------------1130----------------------------------3060
Oxygen-cyanogen------------140-----------------------------------4640
Nitrous oxide-acetylene------180-----------------------------------2955
Nitric oxide-acetylene---------90-----------------------------------3095
Nitrogen dioxyde-hydrogen---150----------------------------------2660
Nitrous oxide-hydrogen-------390----------------------------------2650
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