Cross-Flow Nebulizer:
This type of nebulizer consists of two capillary tubes, usually made of glass or quartz, positioned at right angles to each other so that gas flowing through one capillary creates a pressure differential at the tip, which naturally aspirates solution from the other capillary tube at about 3 mL/min.
The efficiency and performance of the aerosol generation process is highly dependent on the alignment of the two capillary tubes.
The energy imparted by the flowing gas disrupts the liquid and results in the generation of an aerosol at the capillary tip.
The drop-size distribution is usually very large for aerosols generated by this type of nebulizer. Better precision can be obtained by forcing sample solution to the nebulizer by use of a peristaltic pump.
Pumping minimizes variations in sample delivery rate due tovariability of sample viscosity and surface tension.
Since the sample solution must pass through one of the nebulizer capillaries, partial clogging or blockage can result from suspended particulate matter in the sample or to a lesser extent high dissolved solids concentrations in the samples that precipitate at the tip as a result of solvent evaporation.This can be a particularly insidious problem because partial blockage can result in an irreproducible inhibition of aerosol formation.
This decrease in aerosol production results in a variable loss of sensitivity that may not be apparent to the analyst.
A modification of the cross-flow nebuHzer is the Meddings-Andersen-Kaiser (MAK) nebulizer. This nebulizer has "fixed" or nonadjustable capillaries that are constructed of heavy-walled glass. This nebulizer typically operates at a gas flow rate of about 500 mL/min. Operating precision of better than 0.5% RSD has been reported.
This type of nebulizer consists of two capillary tubes, usually made of glass or quartz, positioned at right angles to each other so that gas flowing through one capillary creates a pressure differential at the tip, which naturally aspirates solution from the other capillary tube at about 3 mL/min.
The efficiency and performance of the aerosol generation process is highly dependent on the alignment of the two capillary tubes.
The energy imparted by the flowing gas disrupts the liquid and results in the generation of an aerosol at the capillary tip.
The drop-size distribution is usually very large for aerosols generated by this type of nebulizer. Better precision can be obtained by forcing sample solution to the nebulizer by use of a peristaltic pump.
Pumping minimizes variations in sample delivery rate due tovariability of sample viscosity and surface tension.
Since the sample solution must pass through one of the nebulizer capillaries, partial clogging or blockage can result from suspended particulate matter in the sample or to a lesser extent high dissolved solids concentrations in the samples that precipitate at the tip as a result of solvent evaporation.This can be a particularly insidious problem because partial blockage can result in an irreproducible inhibition of aerosol formation.
This decrease in aerosol production results in a variable loss of sensitivity that may not be apparent to the analyst.
A modification of the cross-flow nebuHzer is the Meddings-Andersen-Kaiser (MAK) nebulizer. This nebulizer has "fixed" or nonadjustable capillaries that are constructed of heavy-walled glass. This nebulizer typically operates at a gas flow rate of about 500 mL/min. Operating precision of better than 0.5% RSD has been reported.
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